In a fresh act of provocation, on 22 July the tribal forces issued a call to arms and set up four military camps in Tell Brak, Tell Hamis, Yarubiyah and Milibya as launch pads for an offensive against the area under the control of the Syrian Kurdish forces. Thousands of tribal fighters, including former Daesh members and members of the MOI – who took part in last year’s massacres against the Druze – heeded the calls to mobilise.